Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Awareness and Attitude regarding minor aliment of Pregnancy and its management among Primigravida mother attending Antenatal clinics of Pravara Rural Hospital Loni (BK)

 

Mrs. Megha Arun Sonwane*

Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Nursing, Loni, Bk. Dist: Ahmednagar (M.S.) India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: meghasonwane @gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:

Background: Pregnancy is the vital event in the life of a women, it need special attention from the time of conception to the postnatal stage, every pregnancy is a unique experience for that women and each pregnancy the women experience will be new and adequately different.1 Minor disorder are common in pregnant mothers like nausea, vomiting, fatigue, leg cramps, backache, constipation, vaginal discharge, One of the important strategies in the care of pregnant women is improving the knowledge it is essential to give advice to specific problem which the women is experiencing.2 This the present study was carried out to assess effectiveness of educational intervention on awareness and attitude regarding minor aliment of pregnancy and its management among primigravida mother. Objectives: Determine the effectiveness on knowledge, awareness and attitude on minor aliment of pregnancy. Material and methods: A Quasi experimental research study undertaken Antenatal OPD of Pravara Rural Hospital Loni BK. A total of 60 primigravida mother were selected with the help of. Non randomized purposive sampling techniques was used to assess to assess Effectiveness of educational intervention on awareness and attitude regarding minor aliment of pregnancy and its management among primigravida mother. Attitude scale was used for awareness and attitude regarding minor aliment of pregnancy and its management among primigravida motherthe study comprises total 60 primigravida mother they were grouped as study group and control group through Non randomized purposive sampling technique. One group receivedtotal educationabout minor aliment of pregnancy and other arenot received education about minor aliment of pregnancy Results: Comparison of the pretest and posttest mean score shows the effectiveness of health education by (25%) as the posttest mean % which is (95%) of total score i.e. good knowledge which is significantly higher than the pretest means % i.e. 80%. it interprets that the primigravida mothers had improvement of knowledge from average to good knowledge. In line it was found Statistically significant t=2.78 at 0.0 r level there was a significant association found between knowledge and attitude with socio demographic variables like age, education, type of family Conclusion: Majority primigravida mother had good knowledge regarding minor aliment of pregnancy and its management through the educational intervention.

 

KEYWORDS: Educational intervention, Awareness, Attitude, Minor aliment of pregnancy.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

“Maternal Health is Nation’s Wealth. There is chance for the welfare of the world only when the conditions of the women improve’’.

-Swami Vivekananda.

Pregnancy is the vital event in the life of a women, it needs special attention from the time of conception to the postnatal stage, every pregnancy is a unique experience for that women and each pregnancy the women experience will be new and adequately different. Minor disorder are common in pregnant mothers like nausea, vomiting, fatigue, leg cramps, backache, constipation, vaginal discharge.1

 

A woman who is pregnant for the first time enters pregnancy with certain beliefs, attitudes and knowledge towards child bearing.2 These misconceptions need to be corrected for as well as the mother, through proper information.3 Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, commonly known as “morning sickness,” affects approximately 80 percent of pregnant women. Investigator in her own experience in community found that the antenatal mothers had inadequate knowledge and the remedial measures for minor discomforts4. So, the investigator was interested in assessing the mother’s knowledge attitude regarding the minor aliment of pregnancy and its management.5

 

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Effectiveness of educational intervention on awareness and attitude regarding minor aliment of pregnancy and its management among primigravida mother attending Antenatal clinics of Pravara Rural Hospital Loni (BK).

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.     To assess the knowledge on awareness and attitude regarding minor ailments of pregnancy

2.     To assess the effectiveness of educational interventions on awareness and attitude regarding minor ailments of pregnancy and its management.

3.     To compare the awareness and attitude regarding minor ailments of pregnancy with selected demographical variable

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H1:   There will be significant difference between pre-test and posttest knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding management of minor ailments of pregnancy and its management.

H2:   There will be significant association between the knowledge andattitude onminor aliment of pregnancy and its management with the selected demographic variable of Primi gravid mothers.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research design and approach: Quantitative evaluatory approach.

 

Research design: Pretest Post Control group design

 

Research variables:

Independent variable: Educational intervention

Dependent variable: knowledge and attitude and awareness, attitude.

 

Extraneous variables: Age, educational status, occupation, religion, type of family, family income.

 

Setting of the study: PIMS Loni (BK), Ahmednagar.

 

Population: Primigravida mothers with minor aliment of pregnancy attending Antenatal clinics.

 

Sample Size: 60

 

Sampling Technique: Purposive sampling

 

Inclusion criteria:

Primigravida mother who were:

·       Become pregnant first time/(primi)

·       Attending antenatal clinics

·       Willing to participate in study.

·       Able to read and write Marathi.

 

Exclusion criteria:

Primigravida mother who were:

·       Not willing to participate in study

·       Not available during data collection

 

Methods of data collection:

Objective structured questionnaire

 

Reliability:

The tool was found to be reliable with the r value for the anxiety (r = 0.94)

 

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF STUDY FINDINGS:

This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data collection in order to determine the effectiveness of intervention on awareness and attitude regarding minor aliment of pregnancy and its management among primigravida mother educational attending Antenatal clinics of Pravara Rural Hospital Loni (B.K).

 

SECTION A:

PART I: Description of socio demographic data Demographic antenatal mothers:

The Percentagewise age of primigravida mothers that in both group (80% and 57%) of them were 18-22 years of age, (17% and 37%) were 23-27 of years of age. Education shows that in both group higher percentage (53% and 36%) had college education followed by equal percentage (40% and 30%) of them had secondary education (14% - 4%) had degree education and (20% -3%) had primary education .occupation shows that in both group majority (64% and 57%) of them were home makers, and the remaining were doing agriculture and in the private/service. Monthly incomeshows that in experimental group higher percent (40%) had monthly income Rs 3001-6000 followed by (30%) had income above Rs <3000. control group higher percent (60%) had Rs <3000 and 34% of them had income more than Rs 3001-6000. It interprets that the most of the primigravida mother had monthly income above Rs 3000. type of family shows that in experimental group majority (90%) were belong to joint family and remaining (84%) belongs to nuclear family. However in control group equal proportion (10% each) of them were belongs to nuclear and joint family respectively. Religion shows that in both group majority (80% and 64%) of them were Hindu religion and the remaining mothers were belongs to Muslim and Christian religion. Height shows that in both group majority (56% and 60%) of them had height of 151-160cm and significant percent (30% and 24%) were belong to height of <150cm. and (20% 10%) from 161-170cm. weight shows that both group majority (53%) of them maternal weight of 51- 60kg followed by significant proportion (30% and 20%) had less than 50kg .Duration of Illness shows that in experimental group highest percent i.e. (53%) of them had gestational age of <3 Months, followed by (34%) had 3-6 months of gestation and the remaining (13%) had more than 6-9 month duration of aliment however in Control group (53%) of them had 3-6 Months of gestation and (34%) <3 months of gestation . and (13%) of 6-9 month. Weeks of gestation shows that in experimental group higher percent (60%) of them had gestational age of 29-40 weeks followed by (26%) had 13-28 of gestation and the remaining (14%) had more than 1-12 weeks of gestation. however, in Control group (44%) of them had 13-28 weeks of gestation and (36%) 1-12 weeks of gestation. and 20% had 29-40 weeks of gestation.

 

Part II: Area wise comparison of mean, SD and mean % of awareness score of primigravida mother of experimental group:

Distribution of mean, SD and mean% of pretest knowledge score of primigravida mother regarding minor aliment of pregnancy and its management shows that the overall mean knowledge score was (30.9±9.6) which is 83% of maximum score. It seems that primigravida mother had “average” knowledge. The level ofawareness was required from 56% to 90%. The overall mean attitude score was (18.3±0.8) which is 61% of maximum score indicates the ‘awerage’ attitude towards the minor ailments of pregnancy and its management.

 

SECTION C: Assessment of effectiveness of Health Education:

 To assess the effectiveness of health education on awareness of primi gravid mother regarding minor ailments of pregnancy and its management. The formula Y-X= E is used, where Y= posttest, X= pretest and E= effectiveness.

 

Table No 1:

Sr. No.

Area

Max score

 

Pre-Test

Post-Test

 

Difference mean (%)

Mean

SD

Mean %

Mean

SD

mean %

 

1.

Introduction

5

3.7

1.2

74

3.8

0.7

76

2

2.

Physiological changes during pregnancy

4

3.0

3.2.

75

3.6

1.2

90

15

3.

Nausea vomiting

3

1.9

3.3

64

2.7

1.0

90

26

4.

Fatigue

2

1.4

3.1

70

1.9

0.2

95

25

5

Urinary and reproductive changes

2

1.6

2.2

80

0.8

0.8

40

40

6

Constipation

3

1.9

0.8

63

2.5

1.6

83

20

7

Backache

3

2.8

0.8

93

2.9

0.2

96

3

8

Heart burn

3

2.4

2.4

80

2.5

1.5

83

3

9

Hemorrhoids

3

2.0

1.7

66

2.7

0.7

90

24

10

Leg cramps

2

1.3

0.7

65

1.9

0.4

95

30

11

Edema

3

2.5

1.7

56

2.7

1.0

90

34

12

Varicosities vein

4

2.1

4.7

52

3.5

1.8

87

35

 

Overall

37

26.6

19.3

80

31.5

11.1

95

15

At 0.05 level of significance

 

Table No 2: Association of selected demographic variables

Sr. No.

Variables

Chi square Value (X2)

DF

Table value

P value

1

Age

2.63

1

3.86NS

0.05

2

Education

4.67

1

3.86S

0.05

3

Type of family

2.57

1

3.86NS

0.05

The findings show that there was a significant difference found between knowledge with demographic variables education and there is no significance difference age and type of family

 

 

Table No 3:

Group

Post intervention

t value

p value

Man

SD

Mean %

 

 

27.82

 

 

2.91N

Experimental group

32.8

1.49

93%

Control group

31.3

1.47

91%

 

The above the table shows the comparison of mean, SD and mean percentage of post intervention knowledge score of primi mother of experimental group and control group unpaired t test was applied at 0.05 level of significance. The tabulated t value was 2.91 and the calculated t value 27.82 was more than tabulated value at 0.05% level of significance, hence accept the null hypothesis so there is effectiveness of teaching on minor aliment of pregnancy and its management.

 

DISCUSSION:

The finding of present study show that in both group majority (30% and 24%) of them had height of <150cm. Significant percent (60% and 56%) were belong to height of 151-160cm. and the significant present 161-170cm (20% - 10%) the study carried by Mrs. K.S. kale According to their height shows that higher percentages 60% of them were 150-160cm height, while (22%) were had height less than 150cm respectively The finding of present show that both group majority (70%) of them maternal weight of <50kg followed by significant proportion (34% and 27%) had more than 50kg. The study carried by Noel M. Lee, M.D, Sumona Saha, M.D. also noted that Maternal body mass index has been evaluated as a risk factor for HG with inconclusive results. In a study by Depuet al, obesity increased the risk for HG by 50% [28]. The finding of present study show that in experimental group higher percent (36%-14%) of them had gestational age of 1-12 weeks, (44% 26%) had 13-28 weeks of gestation and the remaining  (60% 20%) had more than 29-40weeks of gestation. however in Control group (47%) of them had 1-12 weeks of gestation and (40%) 13-28 weeks of gestation Nausea and vomiting are very common in early pregnancy (NVP). The study carried by Ms. Packia G. 2013 Majority 20(52.5%) of the mother were belonged in 1-12week of gestation, 12 (37%) of them belonged to 6-10weeks and 4(10%) of them are belonged to 16-20weeks respectively.

 

CONCLUSION:

A Quasi experimental study was conducted to assess effectiveness of educational intervention awareness and attitude regarding minor aliment of pregnancy among primigravida mother attending ANC Clinics in Pravara Rural Hospital Loni BK with major findings shows that educational intervention is more effective in improving awareness and attitude regarding minor aliment of pregnancy and its management.

 

NURSING IMPLICATIONS:

The researcher has drawn the following implications from the study, which is vital concern for nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research.

 

NURSING PRACTICE:

·       Survey can be conducted to identify the severity of minor aliment of pregnancy.

·       Nurses can educate the primigravida mother regarding the low-cost availability and other benefits of educational intervention.

 

NURSING EDUCATION:

·       Conferences, workshops and seminar can be conducted for nurses to impart knowledge on management for minor aliment of pregnancy and its management.

·       In-service education to update their knowledge and skills in various healthcare settings.

 

RECOMMENDATION:

The study was recommended the following for further research

1.     The study can be conducted for larger sample.

2.     A similar study can be conducted in different setting

3.     A Comparative study can be done to assess the effectiveness of natural remedy and pharmacological measures on relief of minor aliment of pregnancy.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are grateful to the authorities of Pravara Medical Trust’s, College of Nursing Loni, Bk. District- Ahmednagar (MH) India. 413736

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

REFERENCES:

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2.      Dutta DC. Textbook of obstetrics including perinatology and contraception. 6th ed. Calcutta: New central book agency 2004. p. 102.

3.      Constance Lerch. Maternity Nursing. 2nd ed. Saint Louis: The C V Company; 1974. p. 112-19.

4.      Better health channel. Pregnancy and Drugs. [Online]. 2011; Available from: URL: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/ bhcarticles.nsf/pages/pregnancy-and-drugs

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8.      Ayyanniyi O, Sanya A, Ogunlade S, Oniorisian M. Prevalence and pattern of back pain among pregnant women attending Antenatal clinics. African journal of biomedical research 2006; 9:149-56. Available from: URL: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhr/article

9.      Juan VV. Best practice topics. Heartburn in pregnancy. [Online]. 2010 feb; Available from: URL: http://www.bestpractice.bmj.com

10.   Dotun A Ogunyemi, Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) was once major cause of maternal mortality. Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; residency program director, Clerkship Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center.

 

 

 

Received on 15.04.2020         Modified on 07.06.2020

Accepted on 17.07.2020       ©A&V Publications All right reserved

Int.  J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2020; 8(4):321-325.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2020.00071.2